nat·u·ral·ism [ˈnaCHərəˌlizəm/]
noun
1. (in art and literature) a style and theory of representation based on the accurate depiction of detail. 2. a philosophical viewpoint according to which everything arises from natural properties and causes, and supernatural or spiritual explanations are excluded or discounted.
Theism: God is the infinite, personal Creator of the cosmos
Deism: “God is reduced; he begins to lose his personality, though he remains Creator and (by implication) sustainer of the cosmos.”
Naturalism: God does not exist. Deism claims that God has always existed as a brute fact. Naturalism realizes that if that can be true, then it is equally valid to claim the physical world has always existed in the same way.
Propositions of Naturalism:
1. Matter exists eternally and is all there is. God does not exist. (pg. 61)
“In the whole universe there is but a single substance with various modifications.”
2. The cosmos exists as a uniformity of cause and effect in a closed system. (pg. 62)
The universe is not open to reordering by either… (Joe Krahn) … a transcendent Being (because no such being exists) … or autonomous human beings because they are a part of the uniformity Because humans do not exist outside of the continuity of cause and effect, their decisions are not ultimately theirs – meaning most naturalists are philosophical determinists 3. Human beings are complex “machines”; personality is an interrelation of chemical and physical properties we do not yet fully understand. (pg. 64)
Most naturalists view “mind” as subordinate to “machine,” in contrast to Descartes’ claim that mind and matter were separate yet equal substances (Joe Krahn) Naturalist still believe humans are unique for the following reasons (Annika): Capable of conceptual thought Employ speech Possess a cumulative tradition (culture) Unique method of evolution – technology is incorporated (Joe Krahn) Moral capacity “Let us conclude boldly then that man is a machine, and that in the whole universe there is but a single substance with various modifications.”
4. Death is extinction of personality and individuality. (pg. 67)
“When the matter that goes to make up an individual is disorganized at death, that that person disappears” (67). “Human destiny is an episode between two oblivions” (67). “Pigeon Feathers” by John Updike—> life after death means that your life’s effects can have an influence on future generations (ex: Abe Lincoln)
5. History is a linear stream of events linked by cause and effect but without an overarching purpose. (pg. 68)
In a naturalist framework, there is no goal for evolution.
6. Ethics is related only to human beings. (pg. 72) (Heidi Dart)
7. Man certainly was not the goal of evolution, which evidently had no goal. (Naturalism Mini Notes – Riley Smith)
Naturalism in Practice Secular Humanism (Derived from the Humanist Manifesto II – 1973):
Humans are special just because – No god (Riley Smith) God is a symbol of who humans strive to be.
Marxism: Ideas and beliefs of Karl Marx (someone else add details) (Riley Smith)
Marx believed that history was going somewhere, heading towards utopia. Communal living on a large scale. Control the means of production (bourgeoise)–> exploit proliteriat Division of labor—> social classes (bourgeoise & proliteriat)
BELOW IS COPIED ABOVE
Propositions of naturalism:
“Let us conclude boldly then that man is a machine, and that in the whole universe there is but a single substance with various modifications.” (Heidi Dart) Very very good H-Dog Naturalist still believe humans are unique for the following reasons: Capable of conceptual thought Employ speech Possess a cumulative tradition (culture) Unique method of evolution Moral capacity
Death is extinction of personality and individuality. “When the matter that goes to make up an individual is disorganized at death, that that person disappears” (67). “Human destiny is an episode between two oblivions” (67). “Pigeon Feathers” by John Updike—> life after death means that your life’s effects can have an influence on future generations (ex: Abe Lincoln)
According to Naturalism.org, naturalism believes that intelligent design cannot exist because there is no scientific merit for it. Not every naturalist scientist believes that there is no supernatural. The main thing that you need to know about naturalists is that they do not believe in intelligent design. (Ian “big boy” Strommen)
History is a linear stream of events linked by cause and effect but without an overarching purpose.
Ethics is related only to human beings. (pg. 72) (Heidi Dart)
Man certainly was not the goal of evolution, which evidently had no goal. (Naturalism Mini Notes – Riley Smith)
Naturalism in Practice:
Secular Humanism– Humanist Manifesto II God is a symbol of who humans strive to be.
Marxism Marx believed that history was going somewhere, heading towards utopia. Communal living on a large scale. Control the means of production (bourgeoise)–> exploit proliteriat Division of labor—> social classes (bourgeoise & proliteriat) (Annika van Oosbree)————————————
(Deism:
God created an orderly world to operate on its own.
Deists proceed from the assumption that an orderly universe exists. They see its First Cause as a Creator who does not guide its movements, intervene in human affairs, or answer prayers. Their pursuit of what is real comes through reason and sound inquiry. They do not take seriously any revelation that portrays the miraculous. Their reality is limited to nature.
Deists believe that man is a personal being who is part of the “clockwork universe.” He is not abnormal or fallen but is as he is supposed to be. Freedom to explore nature will lead to self-knowledge and understanding of the impersonal God who set up the universe.)
(Drew Kleinschmidt)
(Naturalism
Matter is all that exists and is best understood through science.
The naturalist assumes that all that really exists can best be investigated through the scientific method. Certainly matter and energy are the only realities that can be understood in this way. Unlike deism, it does not hold to God as a First Cause for the universe.
Naturalists view humans as highly developed animals who possess self-consciousness, reason, and conscience. They believe that humans are highly complex biological “machines” who have physical and mental capabilities not yet fully)
Click to access worldview_comparison_chart.pdf
(Drew Kleinschmidt)